Quality Crimp Handbook
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION TO CRIMP TECHNOLOGY
Developed to replace the need to solder terminations, crimping technology provides a high quality connection
between a terminal and a wire at a relatively low applied cost. The methods for applying crimp terminations
depend on the application and volume, and range from hand-held devices to fully automated systems.
The application methods include a basic hand tool, a press and die set, a stripper crimper, or a fully automatic
wire processing system. However, no matter what method is used, the setup of each tool is critical for
achieving a quality crimp.
Today, many OEM companies are using Statistical Process Control (SPC) to continuously improve their crimp
terminations. Crimp termination is a complex process and to ensure consistent quality it is necessary to
understand the variability and inter-relational interactions that the technology involves.
Without a thorough understanding of the crimping process, and all the factors that can affect it, the result may
not meet expectations. The three key elements in the crimping process are the terminal, the wire, and the
tooling.
Terminal
For most applications, it is not economically practical for connector manufacturers to design a terminal to
accept one wire size, one wire stranding, and one insulation diameter (UL type). Most terminals accommodate
many wire sizes, stranding, and a range of insulation diameters, and the terminals are designed to meet
acceptable levels over this entire range.
Wire
The wire stranding and insulation type can vary widely within one wire size. For example, there is more than
18% more material in an 18 AWG by 19-strand wire than an 18 AWG by 16-strand wire. The insulation
diameter of an 18 AWG wire can range from 1.78mm (.070") to over 4.57mm ( . 180"). Wire strands can be
copper, tinned, over coated, or top coated. Wire insulation materials, thickness, and durometers vary from
application to application.
Tooling
What type of tooling does the application require? Does the application require hand stripping of the wire or
does the volume dictate an automatic wire-stripping machine? Does the application and volume require hand
tools, press and die, or fully automatic wire process machines? Crimping with a manual hand tool, semi-
automatic press and die, or fully automatic wire processor, all involve different levels of variability. The
terminal, wire, and type of application tooling all affect the quality of the completed terminations.
Order No: TM-638000029
Revision: D
Release Date: 09-04-03
Revision Date: 12-23-09
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